RJAP

Abstract: Specific colors unconsciously influence achievement-related behavior, but colors also affect the expression of specific hormones (like cortisol). As implicit motives are related to both behavior and hormones, the demonstration of implicit motives arousal by colors could build a bridge between these two phenomena. The goal of this study is to test how colors affect the two omponents of the implicit achievement motive hope of success (HS) and fear of failure (FF). Therefore, 61 healthy participants (44 female, Mage = 22.79, SDage = 3.95) were tested with the TAT/PSE (Heckhausen, 1963) and randomly assigned to three experimental arousal situations (color red, green, blue) and one control group. Contrary to the expectations, there was no influence of green on HS and red on FF, but green and blue could reduce the implicit FF. The results indicate that colors could potentially interact with the implicit achievement motive and therefore should be taken into account for motive testing.

Keywords: Color, implicit motives, achievement motive, thematic apperception test, picture story exercise.

Address of correspondence: Nicole.Gruber@ur.de

Abstract: Several studies have examined how our judgment of another’s physical attractiveness is affected when the other person is wearing eyeglasses. The present study identified various factors related to physical attractiveness and examined the eyeglasses effect for each of these factors. In the study, male and female participants viewed two photographs of the same woman’s body profile. In one photograph, the woman wore eyeglasses; in the other, she did not. Participants were asked to select one of the photographs based on various dimensions of physical attractiveness. Results showed that the woman wearing no eyeglasses was judged to be prettier and better-looking, and that her photograph would be preferred by others and be preferable for inclusion in an album. On the other hand, the woman wearing eyeglasses was judged to be more elegant. These findings support the assumption that the eyeglasses effect differs for different dimensions of physical attractiveness.

Keywords: eyeglasses, attractiveness, women.

Address of correspondence: yasu0night.person@gmail.com

Abstract: In this exploratory research, a mixed method research design was used to understand how primary school children perceive bullying behaviour and to uncover the extent of self-esteem on their bullying experiences. Two hundred and eighty participants took part in a survey of their bullying behaviour and self-esteem. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 children. Survey findings indicated that higher self-esteem leads to higher bullying behaviour. Further analyses within sub-samples defined by gender and ethnic subgroups revealed that there are differences in bullying behaviour across subgroups. In addition, qualitative interviews yielded three key themes including (i) physical and verbal bullying, (ii) relational bullying, and (iii) gender-based bullying.

Keywords: bullying, mixed-method, primary school children, self-esteem.

Address of correspondence: austin.ang@tmc.edu.sg

Abstract: Literature explaining the causes of widespread work-related stress often focuses more on the stressors, but give less sufficient attention to the perception of the employees who suffers. Stress is not an absolute state of the affairs, it is rather relative, and often depends on the ‘definition of the situation’ of the person of interest. Hence, measuring stress faces the issues of validity and reliability concerning the socio-economic context. The study adopts Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10), the most popular stress measurement tool to explore the stress levels of the employees working in various industries in Bangladesh. The validity and reliability of the scale are tested with two distinguished yet related sample set; Sample one (n=460) considers the employees of sixteen distinct industries, and sample two (n=413) includes exclusively the employees of banking industry. Gender, Age, Industry, and ‘year of experiences’ are considered as the variables of interest to explore their relationships with perceived stress. The results suggest that the level of stress does not very significantly in accordance with gender; however perceived social stress differs in terms of Age, Experience and Industry that a person belongs.

Keywords: Perceived Stress, Industry, Cohen’s Scale, Bangladesh.

Address of correspondence: rehan_1611@yahoo.com

Abstract: The incidence of bullying experiences has increased dramatically in recent decades and with little research on Korean-Americans. The goal of this study was to examine the experiences of six to eight grade Korean-Americans and to explore the relationships between bullying, discrimination, depression, and ethnic composition of the school, as set forth by Shin, D'Antonio, Son, Kim, and Park (2011). Path analyses for the victims, bystanders, bullies, and bully-victim combination, respectively, revealed several key findings and differences between middle school and high school. Taken together with Shin et al. (2011), these results suggest that as adolescents grow older, the ethnicity of the individuals or the ethnic composition of the schools may be more influential in the bullying experience.

Keywords: bullying, depression, Korean-American adolescents, adolescence.

Address of correspondence: Thomas.A.DiBlasi@hofstra.edu

Abstract: This study evaluated the relation between driving cognitions (i.e. panic, accidents, and social related cognitions) and driving phobia (driving fear and driving avoidance). We also investigated the moderating role of emotional regulation strategies (i.e. expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) in the relation between driving cognitions and driving phobia. A sample of 1401 drivers took part in this study (51.8 % men, Mage = 34.76, SD = 11.76). The participants completed scales measuring driving cognitions, emotional regulation strategies, and driving phobia, as well as demographic information. The results showed that driving cognitions are positively associated with driving fear and driving avoidance. Further, our results revealed positive relations between expressive suppression and driving fear, as well as between cognitive reappraisal and driving avoidance. Moreover, driving related cognitions interacted with emotional regulation strategies in predicting driving fear. The implications of these results for interventions and future research are discussed.

Keywords: driving cognitions, expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, driving fear, driving avoidance.

Address of correspondence: cornelia.mairean@uaic.ro

Abstract: Terror Management Theory predicts that when subjects are exposed to mortality salience (i.e. they are reminded of their death), they develop higher levels of anxiety and have stronger holdings for their cultural worldviews. Mortality salience also makes subjects more cautious in many daily activities. These premises lead to the hypothesis that, under mortality salience, subjects are more deontological in their moral judgments. To test this hypothesis, medical students from a Caribbean school were presented with two classical versions of the Trolley Problem. Subjects were placed in two groups, on the basis of a computer random generator. One group was not exposed to mortality salience, the other group was. Results came out showing that being under mortality salience does not significantly increase the probability that subjects have a deontological approach to ethics.

Keywords: mortality salience, trolley problem, medical students, ethics, terror management theory.

Address of correspondence: Gabrielernesto2000@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper we identified on the one hand the relationship among transformational leadership, organizational climate, organizational citizenship behavior, and performance, and on the other hand the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in the relation between transformational leadership and the performance of Romanian employees. The participants were 316 employees from small, medium and large Romanian companies. The male and female participants were selected from private sector economic organizations, either manufacturing companies or service providers. The results showed that transformational leadership was positively associated with the organizational climate, organizational citizenship behavior, and employees’ performance. The organizational citizenship behavior was positively associated with employees’ performance. It was also noticed that organizational citizenship behavior mediates the relationship between leadership and performance, with relatively equal effects on task performance and on contextual performance. By understanding the importance of leadership style in the organizational environment, leadership skills improvement programs may be developed to enhance the performance of the organization.

Keywords: transformational leadership, organizational climate, organizational citizenship behavior, performance.

Address of correspondence: wasim.get@isracenter.com

Abstract: Our paper investigates the way in which the different dimensions of organizational justice and organizational commitment are mediated by work satisfaction. The rationale of the study is two folded. First, in our opinion there is a gap in scientific literature when it comes to studies that explore the way in which the dimensions of organizational justice and organizational commitment interact, most researches treating commitment as an aggregate concept. Second, even thou the interaction between organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment is well documented, studies that consider job satisfaction a mediator rather than an outcome variable are few even, if these few provide strong evidence regarding the value of job satisfaction as a mediator. Our research was done two Romanian manufacturing organization, in Harghita and Brașov Counties (N = 676) and the collected data was interpreted using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The obtained model not only further enforces existing body of knowledge regarding the strong relation between organizational justice and commitment but also proposes a way in which the dimensions of these two concepts relate to each other, relation that is mediated by job satisfaction. Our proposed model shows that three of the four dimensions of organizational justice (procedural, distributive, interactional justice) are mediated by job satisfaction (distributive justice) and one is partially mediated (procedural).

Keywords: organizational justice, job satisfaction, organizational commitment.

Address of correspondence: veresszs@gmail.com